home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Chile
- Geography
-
-
- Location:
- Southern South America, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean and South Pacific
- Ocean, between Argentina and Peru
- Map references:
- South America
- Area:
- total area:
- 756,950 sq km
- land area:
- 748,800 sq km
- comparative area:
- slightly smaller than twice the size of Montana
- note:
- includes Isla de Pascua (Easter Island) and Isla Sala y Gomez
- Land boundaries:
- total 6,171 km, Argentina 5,150 km, Bolivia 861 km, Peru 160 km
- Coastline:
- 6,435 km
- Maritime claims:
- contiguous zone:
- 24 nm
- continental shelf:
- 200 nm
- exclusive economic zone:
- 200 nm
- territorial sea:
- 12 nm
- International disputes:
- short section of the southern boundary with Argentina is indefinite; Bolivia
- has wanted a sovereign corridor to the South Pacific Ocean since the Atacama
- area was lost to Chile in 1884; dispute with Bolivia over Rio Lauca water
- rights; territorial claim in Antarctica (Chilean Antarctic Territory)
- partially overlaps Argentine and British claims
- Climate:
- temperate; desert in north; cool and damp in south
- Terrain:
- low coastal mountains; fertile central valley; rugged Andes in east
- Natural resources:
- copper, timber, iron ore, nitrates, precious metals, molybdenum
- Land use:
- arable land:
- 7%
- permanent crops:
- 0%
- meadows and pastures:
- 16%
- forest and woodland:
- 21%
- other:
- 56%
- Irrigated land:
- 12,650 sq km (1989 est.)
- Environment:
- current issues:
- air pollution from industrial and vehicle emissions; water pollution from
- raw sewage; deforestation contributing to loss of biodiversity; soil
- erosion; desertification
- natural hazards:
- severe earthquakes; active volcanism; tsunamis
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Chile
- Geography
- international agreements:
- party to - Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity,
- Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous
- Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship
- Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Law of the Sea
- Note:
- strategic location relative to sea lanes between Atlantic and Pacific Oceans
- (Strait of Magellan, Beagle Channel, Drake Passage); Atacama Desert one of
- world's driest regions
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Chile
- People
-
-
- Population:
- 14,161,216 (July 1995 est.)
- Age structure:
- 0-14 years:
- 29% (female 2,014,877; male 2,099,450)
- 15-64 years:
- 64% (female 4,574,947; male 4,529,251)
- 65 years and over:
- 7% (female 549,385; male 393,306) (July 1995 est.)
- Population growth rate:
- 1.49% (1995 est.)
- Birth rate:
- 20.29 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)
- Death rate:
- 5.42 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)
- Net migration rate:
- 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)
- Infant mortality rate:
- 14.3 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)
- Life expectancy at birth:
- total population:
- 74.88 years
- male:
- 71.89 years
- female:
- 78.01 years (1995 est.)
- Total fertility rate:
- 2.49 children born/woman (1995 est.)
- Nationality:
- noun:
- Chilean(s)
- adjective:
- Chilean
- Ethnic divisions:
- European and European-Indian 95%, Indian 3%, other 2%
- Religions:
- Roman Catholic 89%, Protestant 11%, Jewish
- Languages:
- Spanish
- Literacy:
- age 15 and over can read and write (1992)
- total population:
- 94%
- male:
- 95%
- female:
- 94%
- Labor force:
- 4.728 million
- by occupation:
- services 38.3% (includes government 12%), industry and commerce 33.8%,
- agriculture, forestry, and fishing 19.2%, mining 2.3%, construction 6.4%
- (1990)
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Chile
- Government
-
-
- Names:
- conventional long form:
- Republic of Chile
- conventional short form:
- Chile
- local long form:
- Republica de Chile
- local short form:
- Chile
- Digraph:
- CI
- Type:
- republic
- Capital:
- Santiago
- Administrative divisions:
- 13 regions (regiones, singular - region); Aisen del General Carlos Ibanez
- del Campo, Antofagasta, Araucania, Atacama, Bio-Bio, Coquimbo, Libertador
- General Bernardo O'Higgins, Los Lagos, Magallanes y de la Antartica Chilena,
- Maule, Region Metropolitana, Tarapaca, Valparaiso
- note:
- the US does not recognize claims to Antarctica
- Independence:
- 18 September 1810 (from Spain)
- National holiday:
- Independence Day, 18 September (1810)
- Constitution:
- 11 September 1980, effective 11 March 1981; amended 30 July 1989
- Legal system:
- based on Code of 1857 derived from Spanish law and subsequent codes
- influenced by French and Austrian law; judicial review of legislative acts
- in the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
- Suffrage:
- 18 years of age; universal and compulsory
- Executive branch:
- chief of state and head of government:
- President Eduardo FREI Ruiz-Tagle (since 11 March 1994) election last held
- 11 December 1993 (next to be held December 1999); results - Eduardo FREI
- Ruiz-Tagle (PDC) 58%, Arturo ALESSANDRI 24.4%, other 17.6%
- cabinet:
- Cabinet; appointed by the president
- Legislative branch:
- bicameral National Congress (Congreso Nacional)
- Senate (Senado):
- election last held 11 December 1993 (next to be held December 1997); results
- - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (46 total, 38 elected) Concertation
- of Parties for Democracy 21 (PDC 13, PS 4, PPD 3, PR 1), Union for the
- Progress of Chile 15 (RN 11, UDI 3, UCC 1), right-wing independents 10
- Chamber of Deputies (Camara de Diputados):
- election last held 11 December 1993 (next to be held December 1997); results
- - Concertation of Parties for Democracy 53.95% (PDC 27.16%, PS 12.01%, PPD
- 11.82%, PR 2.96%,); Union for the Progress of Chile 30.57% (RN 15.25%, UDI
- 12.13%, UCC 3.19%); seats - (120 total) Concertation of Parties for
- Democracy 70 (PDC 37, PPD 15, PR 2, PS 15, left-wing independent 1), Union
- for the Progress of Chile 47 (RN 30, UDI 15, UCC 2), right-wing independents
- 3
- Judicial branch:
- Supreme Court (Corte Suprema)
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Chile
- Government
- Political parties and leaders:
- Concertation of Parties for Democracy consists mainly of three parties:
- Christian Democratic Party (PDC), Alejandro FOXLEY; Socialist Party (PS),
- Camilo ESCALONA; Party for Democracy (PPD), Jorge SCHAULSOHN; Radical Party
- (PR); Union for the Progress of Chile consists mainly of three parties:
- National Renewal (RN), Andres ALLAMAND; Independent Democratic Union (UDI),
- Jovino NOVOA; Center Center Union (UCC), Francisco Javier ERRAZURIZ
- Other political or pressure groups:
- revitalized university student federations at all major universities; labor
- - United Labor Central (CUT) includes trade unionists from the country's
- five largest labor confederations; Roman Catholic Church
- Member of:
- APEC, CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-11, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU,
- ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL,
- IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, NAM, OAS, ONUSAL, OPANAL, PCA, RG, UN,
- UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMOGIP, UNTSO, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO,
- WTO
- Diplomatic representation in US:
- chief of mission:
- Ambassador Gabriel GUERRA-MONDRAGON
- chancery:
- 1732 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036
- telephone:
- [1] (202) 785-1746
- FAX:
- [1] (202) 887-5579
- consulate(s) general:
- Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, Philadelphia, San Francisco,
- and San Juan (Puerto Rico)
- US diplomatic representation:
- chief of mission:
- Ambassador Gabriel GUERRA-MONDRAGON
- embassy:
- Codina Building, 1343 Agustinas, Santiago
- mailing address:
- Unit 4127, Santiago; APO AA 34033
- telephone:
- [56] (2) 232-2600
- FAX:
- [56] (2) 330-3710
- Flag:
- two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red; there is a blue square
- the same height as the white band at the hoist-side end of the white band;
- the square bears a white five-pointed star in the center; design was based
- on the US flag
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Chile
- Economy
-
-
- Overview:
- Chile has a prosperous, essentially free market economy, with the degree of
- government intervention varying according to the philosophy of the different
- regimes. Under the center-left government of President AYLWIN, which took
- power in March 1990, spending on social welfare rose steadily. At the same
- time business investment, exports, and consumer spending also grew
- substantially. The new president, FREI, who took office in March 1994, has
- emphasized social spending even more. Growth in 1991-94 has averaged 6.5%
- annually, with an estimated one million Chileans having moved out of poverty
- in the last four years. Copper remains vital to the health of the economy;
- Chile is the world's largest producer and exporter of copper. Success in
- meeting the government's goal of sustained annual growth of 5% depends on
- world copper prices, the level of confidence of foreign investors and
- creditors, and the government's own ability to maintain a conservative
- fiscal stance.
- National product:
- GDP - purchasing power parity - $97.7 billion (1994 est.)
- National product real growth rate:
- 4.3% (1994 est.)
- National product per capita:
- $7,010 (1994 est.)
- Inflation rate (consumer prices):
- 8.7% (1994 est.)
- Unemployment rate:
- 6% (1994 est.)
- Budget:
- revenues:
- $10.9 billion
- expenditures:
- $10.9 billion, including capital expenditures of $1.2 billion (1993)
- Exports:
- $11.5 billion (f.o.b., 1994)
- commodities:
- copper 41%, other metals and minerals 8.7%, wood products 7.1%, fish and
- fishmeal 9.8%, fruits 8.4% (1991)
- partners:
- EC 29%, Japan 17%, US 16%, Argentina 5%, Brazil 5% (1992)
- Imports:
- $10.9 billion (f.o.b., 1994)
- commodities:
- capital goods 25.2%, spare parts 24.8%, raw materials 15.4%, petroleum 10%,
- foodstuffs 5.7%
- partners:
- EC 24%, US 21%, Brazil 10%, Japan 10% (1992)
- External debt:
- $20 billion (1994 est.)
- Industrial production:
- growth rate 4.3% (1993 est.); accounts for 34% of GDP
- Electricity:
- capacity:
- 4,810,000 kW
- production:
- 22 billion kWh
- consumption per capita:
- 1,499 kWh (1993)
- Industries:
- copper, other minerals, foodstuffs, fish processing, iron and steel, wood
- and wood products, transport equipment, cement, textiles
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Chile
- Economy
- Agriculture:
- accounts for about 7% of GDP (including fishing and forestry); major
- exporter of fruit, fish, and timber products; major crops - wheat, corn,
- grapes, beans, sugar beets, potatoes, deciduous fruit; livestock products -
- beef, poultry, wool; self-sufficient in most foods; 1991 fish catch of 6.6
- million metric tons; net agricultural importer
- Illicit drugs:
- a minor transshipment country for cocaine destined for the US and Europe;
- booming economy has made it more attractive to traffickers seeking to
- launder drug profits
- Economic aid:
- recipient:
- US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $521 million; Western (non-US)
- countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $1.6 billion;
- Communist countries (1970-89), $386 million
- Currency:
- 1 Chilean peso (Ch$) = 100 centavos
- Exchange rates:
- Chilean pesos (Ch$) per US$1 - 408 (January 1995), 420.08 (1994), 404.35
- (1993), 362.59 (1992), 349.37 (1991), 305.06 (1990)
- Fiscal year:
- calendar year
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Chile
- Transportation
-
-
- Railroads:
- total:
- 7,766 km
- broad gauge:
- 3,974 km 1.676-m gauge (1,865 km electrified)
- standard gauge:
- 150 km 1.435-m gauge
- narrow gauge:
- 3,642 km 1.000-m gauge (80 km electrified)
- Highways:
- total:
- 79,599 km
- paved:
- 10,984 km
- unpaved:
- gravel or earth 68,615 km (1990)
- Inland waterways:
- 725 km
- Pipelines:
- crude oil 755 km; petroleum products 785 km; natural gas 320 km
- Ports:
- Antofagasta, Arica, Chanarol, Coquimbo, Iquique, Puerto Montt, Punta Arenas,
- San Antonio, San Vicente, Talcahuano, Valparaiso
- Merchant marine:
- total:
- 36 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 510,006 GRT/879,891 DWT
- ships by type:
- bulk 13, cargo 7, chemical tanker 3, combination ore/oil 2, liquefied gas
- tanker 3, oil tanker 3, roll-on/roll-off cargo 3, vehicle carrier 2
- Airports:
- total:
- 390
- with paved runways over 3,047 m:
- 5
- with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m:
- 5
- with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m:
- 18
- with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m:
- 17
- with paved runways under 914 m:
- 252
- with unpaved runways over 3,047 m:
- 1
- with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m:
- 3
- with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m:
- 13
- with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m:
- 76
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Chile
- Communications
-
-
- Telephone system:
- 768,000 telephones; modern telephone system based on extensive microwave
- radio relay facilities
- local:
- NA
- intercity:
- extensive microwave radio relay links and 3 domestic satellite stations
- international:
- 2 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth stations
- Radio:
- broadcast stations:
- AM 159, FM 0, shortwave 11
- radios:
- NA
- Television:
- broadcast stations:
- 131
- televisions:
- NA
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Chile
- Defense Forces
-
-
- Branches:
- Army of the Nation, National Navy (includes Naval Air, Coast Guard, and
- Marines), Air Force of the Nation, Carabineros of Chile (National Police),
- Investigations Police
- Manpower availability:
- males age 15-49 3,758,770; males fit for military service 2,796,740; males
- reach military age (19) annually 121,831 (1995 est.)
- Defense expenditures:
- exchange rate conversion - $1 billion, 3.4% of GDP (1991 est.)
-